the site of the El Paso County Building in Colorado City (now Old Colorado City)

Before the European settlement, the Native American Uat, Arapaho, and Cyan peoples had settled in this part of Colorado Springs today. Before long, in 1803, Louisiana was acquired, and the land was incorporated into the United States of America. The area later belonged to the Kansas Territory in 1854. In 1859, during the Pikes Peak Gold Rush, Colorado City, the first settlement in the area, was established as a camp for miners. In October of the same year, the area was incorporated into the informal Jefferson Territory, and in November of the same year, it was included in El Paso County, which was established as one of the counties in the Jefferson Territory. When the Colorado Sub-State was established after Kansas was promoted to the state in 1861, its first sub-state was located in Colorado City. However, the status of Colorado City as a quasi-capital did not last long, and in 1862 the sub-capital was moved to Golden City by a vote.

In 1871, the Colorado Springs Company divided La Font (later Manitou Springs) upstream of Colorado City and Fountain Colony town downstream. In the following year, 1872, Fountain Colony was renamed 'Colorado Springs,' and was officially incorporated into the public. The next year, in 1873, the County Office of El Paso County was moved from Colorado City to Colorado Springs. On December 1, 1880, the first merger was carried out, and the town area of Colorado Springs spread slightly north. In 1889-1890, Sheaves Addison, Westcolorado Springs, East End and North End were merged one after another.

Broadmoor Casino (1891)

In 1891, the Broadmoor Land Company developed the Broadmoor area in the suburbs, including the Broadmoor casino. In 1895, Colorado Springs had four mineral exchanges with 275 mineral brokers. In 1898, the area was divided into four areas: northwest, northeast, southwest, southwest, and southeast, with Cascade Avenue running north-south and Washington/Pikes Peak Avenue running east-west. In 1899-1901, Nicola Tesla's research laboratory was established in the Nobehill area. In 1917, Colorado City was merged with Colorado Springs. In 1919, flights were launched at an airport near Broadmoor. In 1925, Alexander Airport opened to the north of the city. Two years later, in 1927, Colorado Springs Municipal Airport opened to the east of the city.

In December 1942, the Army Air Force leased the land adjacent to the north of the Colorado Springs Municipal Airport and established the Peterson Airport. In addition, during World War II, several military facilities were built in and around Colorado Springs. In November 1950, after the end of World War II, the Air Defense Force (ADC) decided that the Cold War headquarters should be the Ent Air Force base. The Peterson Air Base was once suspended after the end of World War II but resumed as the Peterson Air Base in 1951. In 1954, the Air Force Academy was established. Until the 1970s, the headquarters of the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) was established, and the presence of the air force in Colorado Springs and its surrounding areas became significant. In 1983, the Falcon Air Force Base (now the Sliver Air Force Base) was established to the east of the Peterson Air Force Base.

In 1965-1968, Colorado Springs and neighboring Colorado Springs University, Pikes Peak Community College, and Colorado Technical University opened one after another. In 1971, the Libertarian Party formed in Colorado Springs. In 1977, the United States Olympic Training Center was established on the site of the Ant Air Force Base, which was closed the previous year. In 1978, the headquarters of the U.S. Olympic Committee moved to Colorado Springs. From the 1980s to the 2000s, Colorado Springs has been the largest city in the state with numerous mergers, including Broadmoor, Briergate, Statson Hills, Banning Lewis Ranch, and the Colorado Center.

Looking for Colorado Springs from Peak of Pikes (4,301m above sea level)

Colorado Springs is located at 38 degrees 50 minutes 14 seconds north latitude and 104 degrees 49 minutes 21 seconds west longitude. It is located about 100km south of the capital Denver. The mountains of the Rocky Mountains including the Pikes peak in the west, the Platt River System and the Arkansas River System in the north, and the Palmer Divide Ridge line are connected, and the Great Plains (Highplanes) are located far east, and the Highland Desert is located south of Phuwen Ten in the south suburb and toward Pueblo. The height of the city varies from place to place, but in the center of the city it is 1,839m, about 230m higher than the denver known as Mile-High City (a town one mile above sea level).

Colorado Springs metropolitan area

According to the United States Census Bureau, Colorado Springs City has a total area of 505.33km² (195.11^mi2). Of them, 504.38km² (194.74^mi2) is land and 0.95km² (0.37mi2) is the water area. The water area accounts for 0.19% of the total area. The urban area extends over two counties of El Paso County and the neighboring Terra County to the west, and its area is 6,952km²(2,684mi2).

The Colorado Springs benefits modern urban areas such as parks, cycling roads and the liberation space of urban centers, but they are not independent of the urban problems of traffic congestion, crime, sprawl and finance. These problems are directly or indirectly attributable to the rapid increase of population in Colorado Springs since the 1990s, and can grow even further with the development of the Bunning Lewis ranch, which will have 175,000 people in the future.

climate

The climate of the Colorado Springs is characterized by the hot summer during the day but the cool summer during the night and the cold, mild winter during the day, and the cold, cold winter during the night, making it a highly mountainous climate with both the difference between the year and the day of the temperature. The average hot July temperatures reached about 29°C, which means that about 1/4 of the month in average year would exceed 32°C during the day, but the minimum temperatures dropped to an average of 13°C and the average temperature was about 22°C. The coldest December temperature is 1°C below freezing point and the average minimum temperature is 8.5°C below freezing point, so the temperature falls below freezing point almost every day, but during the day it is warmer and reaches around 6°C, depending on the altitude. The amount of rainfall is high from May to August in the summer and is about 50-80mm per month. From November to February in the winter season, the number of winter months is small, and it is approximately 7-10mm per month. In spring and autumn, it is about 25-35mm per month. Annual rainfall is about 410mm. The amount of snow in the month from November to April in winter reaches 12-20cm and the amount of snow in the year reaches 95cm.

The Colorado Springs are subject to the warm Chinook and cool Bora winds blowing down from the mountains and tend to change the weather from the Rocky Mountains just east. In Colorado Springs, every year is 120 days, every year is 127 days, and 2/3 of the year is clear and sunny. However, the Colorado Springs are susceptible to a short-time thunderstorm in the afternoon, particularly in July and August, which is under the influence of the North American monsoon. Nicola Tesla saw this as a benefit of the land and built his own electrical laboratory there.

In the climate division of Keppen, Colorado Springs belongs to Step Climate (BS).

urban overview

Wells Fargo Tower (Center) and Antlers Hilton Hotel (Right Back)

The downtown of Colorado Springs is located on the east bank of Monumental Creek, a tributary of the Arkansas River. For the city's population, there are only a few high rise buildings in downtown, and the tallest tower of Wells Fargo is only 15 stories high. It is only 75.3m. Colorado Square (14 stories, 51.9m), First Bank Building (14 stories, 51.9m), Antlers Hilton Hotel (14 stories, 51.9m) and other high rise buildings located in downtown Tokyo are examples of these buildings.

The streets of Colorado Springs are well-defined in downtown and nearby, but the undulating landscape makes the streets crowded at the edge. The east-west street is divided into east (E) and west (W) on the border of Cascade Avenue. On the other hand, the north-south street is divided into the south (S) and the north (N), bordering Pikes Peak Avenue. In the Old Colorado City area west of the downtown area, the streets are generally well-defined, but unlike downtown, many of the streets run in the northwest, southeast, northeast and southwest directions. The street running northeast-southwest from 7th Street to 36th Street in Old Colorado City is divided into Pikes Peak Avenue, northwest-southeast and northeast, and northeast into N and southwest into S.

the skyline of the Colorado Springs with its peak at its back (April 2016)

El Paso County Judicial Building

Colorado Springs City Hall

The first city charter of Colorado Springs was adopted in 1909. At that time, the city assembly, which was a city legislative body, was composed of four members. The mayor was the chief executive of the city's administration and had the veto power over the city council's resolutions, but if the city council unanimously agreed, the veto could be overturned. Before long, in 1920, the city shifted to the City Manager system, and elected the chairperson and vice president from nine city councilors elected from all the cities, and made the chairperson the mayor. Under the system, the city manager, who was employed by the city council, became the chief executive officer of the city's administration, and the authority of the mayor was very limited except for emergency, and he did not have the veto power. For the next 90 years, the City government of Colorado Springs has adopted the City Manager system, but on November 2, 2010, the system of mayor was restored by a referendum, and the vice mayor and City Manager were abolished, and the mayor became the chief executive officer of the city again.

The city council consists of nine members. Six of the nine city members are selected from the six-city single-seat constituencies, and the other three are selected from the whole city. The mayor is elected from all the cities, apart from the city councilors. The term of office of both mayor and city councilor is four years, and the number of consecutive elections is generally limited to two terms. However, even if two consecutive terms are served, the person cannot serve as the term immediately after the term, but it is allowed to serve again after one term.

As mentioned above, the mayor is the chief executive officer of the city's administration, and is responsible for personnel affairs, direction and supervision of city government officials, and reporting on the financial situation. The mayor may also veto the bill passed by the city council. However, if the proposal of the ordinance was submitted to the City Assembly with the veto power and the proposal was approved by more than 2/3 (6 persons), the veto power would be overturned and the draft of the ordinance would be adopted.

The Colorado Springs City Hall was built in 1904 on the land donated to the city by Winfield Scott Straton, who made a fortune in the gold mining development of the nearby Clip Creek. The Classical Revival building, located at the northeastern corner of downtown Nevada Avenue and Kiowa Street, was registered as the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Ooma

In 2014, Colorado's state legalized the sale of marijuana for entertainment purposes for the first time in the United States, according to Section 64 of the Colorado State Law. However, in the districts and cities, each county or city is responsible for the actual permission of selling marijuana for entertainment purposes, and many counties and cities do not permit such permission. In Colorado Springs, sales of marijuana for entertainment are not permitted, and only for medical purposes are permitted. In addition, in Manito Springs, located on the west side, the taima for entertainment is sold at two stores.

The regional economy of Colorado Springs is supported mainly by the defense industry, the high-tech industry and the tourism industry. The service industry is also growing.

defense industry

Peterson Air Force Base

The defense industry plays a major role in the regional economy of Colorado Springs, and is also a major source of employment. Among the defense industries in Colorado Springs, the key is the development and operation of various missile-defense projects. Closely linked to defense, the aerospace industry has also affected the regional economy of Colorado Springs.

The defense companies based in Colorado Springs include Boeing, General Dynamics, Harris Corporation, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), ITT Corporation, L-3 Communications, Lockheed Martin, and Northrop Gramman. The headquarters of the Space Foundation are located in Colorado Springs. The following military bases are located in and around Colorado Springs.

• Peterson Air Force Base
• Schliber Air Force Base
• Shian Mountain Air Force Base
• Fort Carson Army Base

Colorado Springs is regarded as an important military base because of the presence of the Air Force Academy and the above military base, and Colorado Springs are listed as the targets for the North Korean intercontinental ballistic missile, KN-08, in Washington D.C., Los Angeles and Honolulu, in April 2013. However, the location shown in the video as "Colorado Springs" is near Shreveport, Louisiana, more than 1,500km southeast, and the Washington Post article is ridiculed.

high-tech industry

Although it was a big disaster in the early 2000s, the high-tech industry has become the second pillar of the defense industry in the regional economy of Colorado Springs.

The high-tech companies based in Colorado Springs include Verizon Communications, Hewlett-Packard, Orient Technology, Broadcom, Microchip Technology, and Cypress Semiconductor. The Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) technical center is located in Colorado Springs.

tourism industry

Broadmoor Hotel

The Colorado Springs became a popular tourist spot as soon as the railroad opened in 1871 from the Rocky Mountains at the eastern foot of Pikes Peak. From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the development of resorts such as Broadmoore at the foot of Mt. Cyan was promoted. In addition, the number of scenic spots in Colorado Springs is more than 55, including the garden of the gods, the Air Force Academy, the Monetary Museum of the American Institute of Coinage, Cyan Mountain Zoo, the Colorado Springs Art Center, the Old Colorado City, and the Training Center of the U.S. Olympics. Even in the 21st century, tourism has become the third pillar of the regional economy of Colorado Springs, behind the defense and high-tech industries. In 2016, the economic effects of tourism in the Pikes Peak area (three counties of El Paso Terror Fremont) centered on Colorado Springs reached $1.448 billion.

Colorado Springs City Airport

The airport, which serves as the gateway to Colorado Springs, is located about 11km southeast of downtown Colorado Springs City Airport (IATA: COS). The airport is manned by three major airlines, Delta Air (Atlanta, Salt Lake City), United Airlines (Chicago O'Hare, Houston Intercontinental, Los Angeles, Denver), American Airlines (Dallas Fort Worth, Chicago O'Hare), Arest Air's flights from Las Vegas and Frontier Airlines from over 10 cities (including seasonal flights).

The interstate expressway, I-25, runs just west of the downtown. I-25, a north-south highway, runs south towards Pueblo, Santa Fe and Albuquerque, and north towards Denver, Fort Collins and Cyan. It's the most important road in Colorado, with more than 80% of the state's population running through the Front Range Urban Corridor. The Colorado Springs do not have a circular road, but Route 21, which runs north-south through the eastern part of the city, serves as a bypass.

MMT bus

There is a Greyhound bus depot in downtown Tokyo, where buses bound for Denver and Dallas, El Paso and Amtrack Station in Raton, New Mexico stop. The Colorado State Transportation Bureau (CDOT) also runs a bus called Bustang between Denver and the Colorado Springs. In Colorado Springs, there is no Amtrak station, but the Greyhound bus connects California Zefer at Union Station in Denver, and South West Chief at Amtrak Station in Raton.

As for public transportation in the city, the Mountain Metropolitan Transportation Bureau (MMT) operates bus services. The bus network of the station has Route 27, covering Colorado Springs City and Manitou Springs West.

Air Force Academy

The Air Force Academy, located about 22km north of downtown Colorado Springs, is located in the north of the city, and has a campus of 18,500 acres (74.87km²). It is one of the three U.S. National Academy of War College in Westpoint, along with the Naval Academy in Annapolis, and has about 4,000 commissioned officers, with the mission of educating and training candidates to become appropriate military officers as a leader of the Air Force. The school offers 31 major programs, particularly in the areas of aerospace engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, and mechanical engineering. The school offers a small education system equal to liberal arts colleges, with a ratio of students to professors of 8:1 and an average class size of 19. The school's sports team, Falcons, like Black Knights of the Army Academy and Midshipmen of the Naval Academy, belong to NCAA Division I and, except for some games, belongs to the Mountain West Conference.

Colorado College

Colorado College has a 90-acre (364,000m²) campus just north of the downtown. The school is a private liberal arts college established in 1874 by General William Jackson Palmer, a veteran of the Civil War, who was the founder of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad and the founder of Colorado Springs, who provided the land and funds. The school offers over 80 major and minor and interdisciplinary thematic minor programs. One of the characteristics of this school is the block plan introduced in 1970. This means that one semesta is divided into four blocks, and only one course is intensively studied in a three and a half weeks block. Under the Block Plan, students of the school will study four subjects at a single semeter, eight subjects in a year and 32 subjects in four years. Colorado College is always ranked 25th among the US News & World Report Liberal Arts Colleges in the ranking of universities.

University of Colorado Springs

The Colorado Springs School has a campus of about 8 km north from downtown and 550 acres (2,226,000m²) in the Northeast Colorado Springs area. The school, along with Boulder's main school and Denver, has about 12,000 students at the University of Colorado's state university system. The school has six departments and offers 45 departments, 22 master graduate courses and five major programs for doctoral courses. The University of Colorado Springs is ranked 50th among the "Regional Universities" in the west, among the ranking universities in the US News & World Report.

The K-12 program at Colorado Springs is supported mainly by the Colorado Springs 11th school district, the center of the city, and other public schools under the jurisdiction of several school districts. The following school districts have their district in Colorado Springs.

• Colorado Springs 11th district
• Academy 20th school district (northern city)
• Falcon 49th School District (East City)
• Harrison Secondary School District (South Central)
• Wide Field Third School District (Southern City)
• Cyan Mountain 12th School District (Southwestern City)
• Fountain-Fort Carson Eighth School District

Museums and art museums

Colorado Springs Pioneer Museum

The Colorado Springs Pioneer Museum is located in the downtown Alamo Square park. The museum was converted to a museum after renovating the former El Paso County Building built in 1903. The museum houses and exhibits about 60,000 works including works of art such as quilts and pottery, cultural items of the Uit, Chian and Arapaho tribes, and historical items of the city. The former El Paso County Building, which is the building of the museum, was registered as a National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

Colorado Springs Art Center

The Colorado Springs Art Center is located on the campus of Colorado College. Built in 1936, the Center for Art Deco is a complex art center that serves as an art museum, theater and art class. The museum stores and permanently exhibits works of Native American and Latin American artists, especially those of saints. The paintings and sculptures are also permanent exhibits of the museum. The theater has a 400-seat Sagaj Theater and a 108-seat music room, and is used for performances by the Art Center Theater Company as well as for concerts, film festivals and dancing. The center's Bemis School of Art has opened art classes that correspond to the levels of skill and age, and also has a Gifted Education on the arts for third- and fifth-grade students. The Colorado Springs Art Center was registered with the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

The Coinage Museum of the American Coinage Association is located to the east of the Colorado Springs Art Center. The World Figure Skating Hall and its museums are located in the southwestern city, to the northeast of Broadmoore. In the northern part of the city, there is the headquarters of the Prorodeo Cowboy Association, where the Prorodeo Hall and its museum are located.

sport

Headquarters and Training Centers of the United States Olympic Committee

The Colorado Springs has the headquarters of the Olympic Committee of the United States, the Paralympic Committee of the United States, the Training Center for the United States of America, and the Olympic Confederations of more than 20 events, and the Confederations of more than 50 events, which are called Olympic City USA (the town of the Olympics in the United States). In particular, he has a deep relationship with figure skating, where the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame is set up, and he has held the U.S. National Championships six times and the world championships five times. The Colorado Springs-based Broadmoor Skating Club has also produced athletes for international competitions, including the Olympics and world championships.

On the last Sunday of June every year, races for four-wheel and two-wheel vehicles are held, called Pikes Peak International Hill Claim. The race, which started in 1916, takes place on the 19.99km course using the Pike Peak Toll Road that reaches the peak of the Pike Peak, and runs up the 1,440m elevation difference. The Pikes Peak Toll Road, which is a course, was completely paved in 2012, but until then, it had not been paved near the top.

The Colorado Springs do not have a team for the four major North American professional sports leagues, but they have a team for the Lower League. The Colorado Springs Sky Sox is a team of AAA-class minor leagues affiliated with the Milwaukee Brewers League and has joined the Pacific Coast League until 2018. The Colorado Springs Switchbacks FC, a soccer player, has joined the USL (but has no tie with the MLS team).

Colorado Springs also has the headquarters of the NCAA Division I Mountain West Conference. The conference, which was set up in 1999, also includes most sports teams at the Air Force Academy and women's soccer teams at Colorado College.

Parks and Walkways

Garden of the Gods

There are more than 150 large and small parks in the city, with a total area exceeding 9,000 acres (36.4km2). Additionally, the total extension of the city promenade is 105 miles (169 km), and the total extension of the park promenade is 160 miles (257 km).

Among the many parks in the city, the garden of the gods, located about 7 km northwest of downtown, is especially famous. The park is one of the best parks in the United States and one of the best parks in the world. The park attracts 2 million visitors a year from over 50 states nationwide and over 60 countries worldwide. The garden was originally purchased by Charles Elliott Parking, a friend of William Jackson Palmer, the founder of the city, but was donated to the city by the child after Perkins' death in 1909. The name 'Garden of the Gods' itself was given by a group of surveyors who visited this place in 1859. In the park, more than 1,300 acres (5.26km2), there are a number of red sandstone fantastic rocks. These strange rocks and monsters were formed by the rise and erosion of the land several million years ago. The park has a walkway so that you can travel on mountain bikes and horseback, as well as hiking. The registration system also permits people to climb strange rocks in the park. The garden of the gods was registered as a national natural landmark in 1971.

Urban walkways with a total length of over 100 miles are divided into Tier1-3. Tier 1 is the most standard walking trail to become a 'main line.' Tier 2 is a walkway that is a 'branch' of Tier 1. Tier 3 is smaller than Tier 2, and includes unpaved, unpaved, and thin, natural paths.

religion

Biblica Headquarters

Focus on the Family Welcome Center

Colorado Springs is also a religious city. The Catholic Church has a Bishop of Colorado Sprigs, who governs the central and eastern Colorado State, and its cathedral, St. Mary's Cathedral, is located downtown. Biblica, the copyright holder of the new international version of the Bible, the International Association of Christian Schools (ACSI), an association of evangelical Protestant schools, and the Compaction International, a Christian-sponsored child living in poverty, have their headquarters in Colorado Springs. The Christian and Mission Alliance (which also has the Japanese Alliance Group in Japan), the Focus on the Family, and the New Life Church of Mega Church are also headquartered in Colorado Springs. In addition, the Colorado Springs has 81 religious groups at its headquarters, the most popular, and the Colorado Springs is called the 'Evangelical Vatican.'

urban population

The population of each of the counties that form the urban area of Colorado Springs is as follows (2010 census)

Colorado Springs metropolitan area

urban population transition

Below is a graph and chart showing the population transition from 1880 to 2010 in Colorado Springs City.

First Mayor of Bishkek (then) Astan Beck Nogoev, who hands presents presents to then U.S. Air Force Major (Scott) Scorco for Mayor Lionel Rivera at the Kyrgyz Manas Air Force Base in Kyrgyzstan

Colorado Springs has established sister-city partnerships with the following seven cities.

• Alhair Olivia (Greece)
• Kaohsiung (Republic of China)
• Canterbury-Bankstown, Australia
• Smolensk, Russia
• Nuevo Casas Grandes (Mexico)
• Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
• Fujiyoshida City (Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)

• City of Colorado Springs - Official City Site
• Colorado Springs Convention & Visitors Bureau
• Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center
• Early Capitol and Legislative Assembly Locations
• Colorado Springs, Colorado - C-SPAN Cities Tour.
• About Colorado Springs City, USA - Fujiyoshida City's introduction to Colorado Springs
• Colorado Springs, Colorado - City-Data.com

Coordinates: 38 degrees 50 minutes 14 seconds north latitude 104 degrees 49 minutes 21 seconds west longitude / 38.837222 degrees north latitude 104.822500 degrees west longitude / 38.83722222 degrees west longitude -104.822500